科学不能回答所有问题（唯科学主义的问题）
Science Cannot Answer All Questions (The Problem of Scientism)
核心论证 Core Argument
科学主义（scientism）认为只有科学方法才能给我们可靠的知识，但这个立场本身就是自我拆台的——"只有科学能给我们知识"这个声称本身不是一个科学发现，而是一个哲学立场。它无法被实验测试或观察证实。科学主义不是科学的结论，而是一种信念。 科学方法预设了许多非科学的前提：（1）自然界的一致性（归纳法假设过去的规律将来也适用——但这无法被科学证明）；（2）逻辑法则的有效性（科学推理依赖逻辑，但逻辑是先验的，不是科学发现）；（3）数学的可靠性（物理学依赖数学，但数学真理不是经验发现）；（4）人类理性的可信度（我们信任大脑的推理能力——但这个信任本身不是科学实验的结果）。 著名的哲学家和科学家都承认科学的局限性。物理学家约翰·波尔金霍恩指出，科学回答"怎样"的问题，但不能回答"为什么"。化学家彼得·阿特金斯虽然是无神论者，也承认科学不能解释为什么有自然律。科学是探索自然界的强大工具，但将它绝对化为唯一的知识来源就超出了它的合法范围。 基督教完全支持科学研究（历史上是基督教推动了科学的诞生），但它认识到科学是人类知识的一部分，不是全部。道德知识、美学判断、形而上学真理、历史知识——这些都是真正的知识，但都不是通过科学方法获得的。
Scientism holds only scientific method yields reliable knowledge, but this position is self-defeating — 'only science gives knowledge' is not itself a scientific discovery but a philosophical stance. It can't be experimentally tested or observationally confirmed. Scientism isn't a conclusion of science but a belief. Science presupposes many non-scientific premises: (1) Nature's uniformity (induction assumes past regularities continue — unprovable by science); (2) Logical laws' validity (scientific reasoning requires logic, but logic is a priori, not a scientific discovery); (3) Mathematics' reliability (physics depends on math, but mathematical truths aren't empirical discoveries); (4) Human reason's trustworthiness (we trust our brain's reasoning — but this trust itself isn't an experimental result). Prominent philosophers and scientists acknowledge science's limits. Physicist John Polkinghorne notes science answers 'how' questions but not 'why.' Chemist Peter Atkins, though an atheist, admits science can't explain why natural laws exist. Science is a powerful tool for exploring nature, but absolutizing it as the only knowledge source exceeds its legitimate scope. Christianity fully supports scientific research (historically Christianity birthed modern science) but recognizes science is part of human knowledge, not all of it. Moral knowledge, aesthetic judgment, metaphysical truth, historical knowledge — all are genuine knowledge obtained through non-scientific means.