好人不需要上帝也能上天堂

核心论证 Core Argument

「好人不需要上帝」这一观点建立在对「好」的严重误解之上。问题的关键在于：以什么标准来定义「好」？如果标准是人与人之间的比较，那这个标准本身就是主观和任意的。但圣经启示的标准是上帝自身的圣洁和完美——「你们要圣洁，因为我是圣洁的」（彼得前书1:16）。以这个标准衡量，「没有义人，连一个也没有」（罗马书3:10）。 改革宗神学家R.C.史普罗（R.C. Sproul）在《上帝的圣洁》（The Holiness of God）中深刻阐述：人最根本的问题不是做了多少坏事，而是在本性上与圣洁的上帝隔绝。以赛亚在看见上帝荣耀时的反应是「祸哉！我灭亡了」（以赛亚书6:5）——这不是因为以赛亚是个坏人，而是因为在绝对圣洁面前，人的一切自义都如「污秽的衣服」（以赛亚书64:6）。奥古斯丁在《忏悔录》中诚实地揭示：即使表面上的善行也常常掺杂骄傲、虚荣和自私的动机。 福音的核心信息恰恰是：上帝知道没有人能靠自己达到祂的标准，所以祂亲自成为人，在十字架上为我们承担了罪的刑罚。救恩不是奖赏好人的勋章，而是拯救罪人的恩典。「你们得救是本乎恩，也因着信；这并不是出于自己，乃是上帝所赐的」（以弗所书2:8）。提摩太·凯勒在《一掷千金的上帝》中精辟地说：福音不是好人变得更好的宗教，而是坏消息（我们都是罪人）之后的好消息（上帝白白的恩典）。

The view that 'good people don't need God' rests on a serious misunderstanding of 'good.' The critical question is: by what standard do we define 'good'? If the standard is comparison between people, it's inherently subjective and arbitrary. But Scripture's standard is God's own holiness and perfection—'Be holy, because I am holy' (1 Peter 1:16). By this standard, 'There is no one righteous, not even one' (Romans 3:10). Reformed theologian R.C. Sproul profoundly explains in The Holiness of God: humanity's fundamental problem isn't how many bad things we've done, but our nature being alienated from a holy God. Isaiah's response upon seeing God's glory was 'Woe to me! I am ruined!' (Isaiah 6:5)—not because Isaiah was a bad person, but because before absolute holiness, all human self-righteousness is like 'filthy rags' (Isaiah 64:6). Augustine honestly reveals in his Conferta that even outwardly good deeds are often mixed with pride, vanity, and selfish motives. The Gospel's core message is precisely this: God knows no one can meet His standard on their own, so He became human and bore sin's penalty on the cross for us. Salvation is not a medal rewarding good people, but grace rescuing sinners. 'For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God' (Ephesians 2:8). Timothy Keller puts it brilliantly in The Prodigal God: the Gospel is not a religion where good people get better, but good news (God's free grace) following bad news (we are all sinners).