文本完整性：圣经与古兰经的对比

核心论证 Core Argument

新约圣经的文本传承是古代世界中最可靠的。我们拥有超过5800份希腊文手稿、10000多份拉丁文手稿，以及数万份其他语言译本和教父引用。最早的手稿片段距离原作仅数十年。这使得文本批判学能够以极高的精度重建原文。 相比之下，古兰经的文本传承历史虽然也相当完善，但面临着自身的文本问题。第三任哈里发奥斯曼标准化古兰经时焚毁了所有其他版本——这本身就说明存在不同版本。伊本·马斯欧德（穆罕默德推荐的古兰经四大权威之一）拥有与奥斯曼版不同的版本，少了两章。 2015年发现的伯明翰古兰经手稿经碳-14测定可能早于穆罕默德的传统年代。也门萨那手稿显示了文本的早期修改痕迹。这些发现表明古兰经的文本传承历史可能比传统叙述更为复杂。 关键区别在于：圣经的文本传承是透明的——我们知道哪里有差异并且可以进行比较分析。古兰经的其他版本被焚毁了，使得比较分析成为不可能。透明的传承历史实际上增强了圣经的可信度，而不是削弱它。

The New Testament's textual transmission is the most reliable in the ancient world. We possess over 5,800 Greek manuscripts, 10,000+ Latin manuscripts, and tens of thousands of other translations and patristic citations. The earliest fragments are mere decades from the originals, enabling textual criticism to reconstruct the original with extremely high precision. By contrast, the Quran's textual transmission, while also quite good, faces its own challenges. Caliph Uthman burned all variant versions when standardizing the Quran — this itself proves different versions existed. Ibn Masud (one of Muhammad's four recommended Quran authorities) possessed a version differing from Uthman's, lacking two surahs. The Birmingham Quran manuscript (2015), carbon-14 dated potentially before Muhammad's traditional dates, raises questions about early Quran formation. The Sana'a manuscript shows early textual modifications. These discoveries suggest the Quran's textual history may be more complex than the traditional narrative. The key difference: biblical textual transmission is transparent — we know where variants exist and can conduct comparative analysis. Other Quran versions were burned, making comparison impossible. Transparent transmission history actually enhances rather than diminishes biblical credibility.