道德论证：客观道德需要上帝

核心论证 Core Argument

如果上帝不存在，客观的道德价值和义务就不存在。然而客观道德确实存在（折磨无辜婴儿取乐是客观错误的）。因此上帝存在。在无神论世界观中，道德只能是所谓的进化副产品、社会契约或个人偏好——都无法为客观道德提供基础。 论证的第一个前提得到无神论哲学家自己的承认。尼采宣告"上帝已死"后推导出道德随之瓦解。当代无神论者迈克尔·鲁斯承认："道德只是帮助生存和繁殖的生物适应，没有什么客观的东西。"J.L.麦基也承认客观道德在自然主义框架下不存在。 第二个前提——客观道德确实存在——诉诸我们最深层的道德直觉。大屠杀的邪恶不仅是文化偏好——它是客观的恶。C.S.路易斯在《返璞归真》第一卷详细论证了跨文化的道德共识：所有文化都谴责无故的谋杀、偷盗和背叛，都赞扬勇气和公正。 改革宗神学提供了深刻的解答：上帝自身的本性——圣洁、公义、慈爱——就是善的终极标准。这完美回应了游叙弗伦困境。保罗在罗马书2:14-15指出上帝的律法写在人心里，解释了为什么无神论者也能认识道德——但在他们的世界观中缺乏客观基础。

If God does not exist, objective moral values and duties do not exist. But objective moral values and duties do exist (torturing an innocent baby for fun is objectively wrong). Therefore God exists. On atheism, morality can only be a supposed evolutionary byproduct, social contract, or preference — none grounding objective morality. The first premise is acknowledged by atheist philosophers themselves. After Nietzsche proclaimed 'God is dead,' he concluded morality collapses with Him. Atheist Michael Ruse admits: 'Morality is just an aid to survival and reproduction — there is nothing objective about it.' J.L. Mackie also conceded objective morality doesn't exist in a naturalistic framework. The second premise appeals to our deepest moral intuitions. The Holocaust's evil is not merely cultural preference — it is objective evil. C.S. Lewis argued extensively for cross-cultural moral consensus in Book I of 'Mere Christianity': all cultures condemn unprovoked murder, theft, and betrayal, all praise courage and justice. Reformed theology provides a profound answer: God's own nature — holiness, justice, love — IS the ultimate standard of goodness. This perfectly resolves the Euthyphro Dilemma. Paul states in Romans 2:14-15 that God's law is written on hearts, explaining why atheists recognize morality — though within their worldview this lacks objective grounding.