团契生活
Life Together
朋霍费尔 / Dietrich Bonhoeffer
简介 Summary
朋霍费尔关于基督徒共同体生活的经典作品。作者基于在芬根瓦尔德地下神学院的实际经历，深刻反思了基督徒团契的本质和实践。朋霍费尔强调，真正的基督徒团契不是建立在人的情感和理想之上，而是建立在基督里的客观现实之上。书中探讨了共同读经、祷告、认罪、服侍等团契生活的具体实践，既有神学深度，又极具实用价值，至今仍是基督徒群体生活的重要指导。
Bonhoeffer's classic work on Christian community life. Based on his practical experience at the underground seminary in Finkenwalde, the author profoundly reflects on the nature and practice of Christian fellowship. Bonhoeffer emphasizes that genuine Christian community is not built on human emotions and ideals but on the objective reality in Christ. The book explores specific practices of communal life like shared Scripture reading, prayer, confession, and service, combining theological depth with practical value, remaining vital guidance for Christian community life today.
📑 章节 Chapters
Ch.1: Community: God's Gift and Reality
朋霍费尔确立基督徒共同体的神学基础。真正的团契不是人类社交的延伸，而是神在基督里创造的新现实。基督徒共同体的存在本身就是恩典，不是理所当然的权利。作者强调我们聚集不是因为彼此喜欢，而是因为基督的呼召。
Bonhoeffer establishes the theological foundation of Christian community. True fellowship is not extension of human socialization but new reality God created in Christ. Christian community's very existence is grace, not an entitlement. The author emphasizes we gather not because we like each other but because of Christ's calling.
“Christian community means community through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ. 基督徒共同体意味着通过耶稣基督并在耶稣基督里的共同体。”
“The gift of Christ is present wherever even two or three are gathered together in his name—this is the divine promise. 基督的恩赐在无论何处有两三个人奉他的名聚集时都临在——这是神圣的应许。”
Ch.2: The Day Together: Sanctification of Time
探讨共同体生活中时间的安排和意义。从晨更到晚祷，每一个时刻都可以成为敬拜的机会。朋霍费尔描述了芬根瓦尔德神学院的日程安排，强调规律的共同体生活如何培养属灵纪律和彼此相爱。
Explores time arrangement and meaning in communal life. From morning devotions to evening prayers, every moment can become worship opportunity. Bonhoeffer describes Finkenwalde seminary's schedule, emphasizing how regular communal life cultivates spiritual discipline and mutual love.
“The day of the Christian community begins in silence, breaks in praise of God, and ends in the silence of prayer to God. 基督徒共同体的一天始于静默，在赞美神中展开，在向神祷告的静默中结束。”
“Common life under the Word begins at an early hour of the day with a worship service together. 在神话语下的共同生活在一天的早晨以共同的敬拜开始。”
Ch.3: The Day Alone: Solitude in Community
看似矛盾地，朋霍费尔强调独处对健康共同体的重要性。没有独处就没有真正的共同体，因为只有在独处中我们才能遇见神，从而有真实的内容可以分享。作者平衡了群体生活与个人灵修的需要。
Seemingly paradoxically, Bonhoeffer emphasizes solitude's importance for healthy community. Without solitude there's no true community, because only in solitude can we encounter God and thus have genuine content to share. The author balances communal life needs with personal devotion.
“Let him who cannot be alone beware of community. Let him who is not in community beware of being alone. 不能独处的人要当心共同体。不在共同体中的人要当心独处。”
“The man who seeks fellowship without solitude plunges into the void of words and feelings; the man who seeks solitude without fellowship perishes in the abyss of vanity. 寻求团契而无独处的人会堕入言语和感情的空虚；寻求独处而无团契的人会在虚荣的深渊中灭亡。”
Ch.4: Service: Ministry in Community
分析共同体中各种服侍的形式和意义。从简单的倾听到复杂的帮助，每种服侍都是基督之爱的体现。朋霍费尔强调最重要的服侍往往是最简单的——倾听、帮助、承担、宣告神的话语。
Analyzes various forms and meanings of service in community. From simple listening to complex helping, every service embodies Christ's love. Bonhoeffer emphasizes the most important services are often the simplest—listening, helping, bearing, proclaiming God's word.
“The first service that one owes to others in the fellowship consists in listening to them. 人在团契中对他人的第一项服侍就是倾听他们。”
“We must be ready to allow ourselves to be interrupted by God—it is God himself who is approaching us in our fellow human beings. 我们必须准备好让自己被神打断——正是神自己在通过我们的同胞接近我们。”
Ch.5: Confession and Forgiveness: Healing in Brokenness
深入探讨认罪与饶恕在共同体中的作用。朋霍费尔主张基督徒不应该独自承担罪的重担，而应该在可信任的团契中寻求认罪的自由和饶恕的确据。真正的共同体是在破碎和医治中建立的。
Thoroughly explores the role of confession and forgiveness in community. Bonhoeffer advocates Christians shouldn't bear sin's burden alone but should seek confession's freedom and forgiveness's assurance in trustworthy fellowship. True community is built in brokenness and healing.
“A man who confesses his sins in the presence of a brother knows that he is no longer alone with his evil. 在弟兄面前认罪的人知道他不再独自面对自己的恶。”
“In confession there takes place a breakthrough to community. Sin demands to have a man by himself; it withdraws him from the community. 在认罪中发生了突破到共同体的过程。罪要求独自拥有一个人；它把他从共同体中抽离。”
Ch.6: Community's Trial and Purification
分析共同体生活中必然出现的冲突和挑战。朋霍费尔诚实地面对人性的软弱和共同体的不完美，但他看这些试炼为神净化和深化团契的工具。真正的合一不是避免冲突，而是在冲突中学习饶恕和成长。
Analyzes inevitable conflicts and challenges in communal life. Bonhoeffer honestly faces human weakness and community imperfection, but views these trials as God's tools for purifying and deepening fellowship. True unity isn't avoiding conflict but learning forgiveness and growth in conflict.
“Every human community will disappoint us sooner or later. Only the community of Christ endures. 每个人类共同体迟早都会让我们失望。只有基督的共同体才能持续。”
“God's grace is sufficient for the community. Where it fails, God's grace intervenes; where it succeeds, God's grace makes it possible. 神的恩典对共同体是充足的。它失败的地方，神的恩典介入；它成功的地方，神的恩典使其成为可能。”
Ch.7: Common Prayer: Expression of Unity
探讨共同祷告在建立和维系团契中的重要作用。祷告不仅是个人的事，也是共同体的事。朋霍费尔分析了诗篇作为共同体祷告书的价值，以及如何在多样性中寻求祷告的合一。
Explores the important role of common prayer in building and maintaining fellowship. Prayer is not only personal but communal matter. Bonhoeffer analyzes Psalms' value as community prayer book and how to seek prayer unity in diversity.
“If we are to pray aright, perhaps it is quite necessary that we pray contrary to our own heart. 如果我们要正确祷告，也许很有必要我们违背自己的心来祷告。”
“Prayer does not mean simply to pour out one's heart. It means rather to find the way to God and to speak with him. 祷告不是简单地倾诉心声，而是找到通往神的道路并与他交谈。”
Ch.8: Reading Scripture Together: Fellowship in the Word
阐述共同研读圣经对团契生活的重要性。神的话语不仅是个人灵修的资源，更是共同体建造的基础。朋霍费尔提供了共同读经的实用指导，强调简单、诚实地聆听神话语的重要性。
Elucidates the importance of reading Scripture together for fellowship life. God's word is not only resource for personal devotion but foundation for community building. Bonhoeffer provides practical guidance for reading Scripture together, emphasizing the importance of listening to God's word simply and honestly.
“It is not we who choose the text; the text chooses us. Not we who interpret it; it interprets us. 不是我们选择经文，而是经文选择我们。不是我们解释经文，而是经文解释我们。”
“We should read Scripture not as conquerors seeking to master the text, but as those who submit to be mastered by God's Word. 我们应该阅读圣经不是作为征服者要掌控经文，而是作为顺服者让神的话语掌控我们。”
Ch.9: Singing and Praise: Community's Voice
分析音乐和歌唱在共同体敬拜中的作用。朋霍费尔认为歌唱是共同体最自然的表达方式之一，它将个别的声音融合成统一的赞美。作者提供了共同体音乐敬拜的神学反思和实践建议。
Analyzes music and singing's role in community worship. Bonhoeffer considers singing one of community's most natural expressions, merging individual voices into unified praise. The author provides theological reflection and practical suggestions for community musical worship.
“Singing together is both a blessing and a task given to the community. 一起歌唱既是给共同体的祝福，也是给共同体的任务。”
“It is the voice of the Church that is heard in singing together. It is not you that sings, it is the Church that is singing. 一起歌唱时听到的是教会的声音。不是你在唱，而是教会在唱。”
Ch.10: Fellowship Under the Cross: Unity in Christ
朋霍费尔总结基督徒共同体的最终基础——基督的十字架。真正的团契只能在十字架下形成，因为只有在那里我们才认识到自己的需要和神的恩典。共同体的力量不在于人的完美，而在于基督的救赎。
Bonhoeffer summarizes Christian community's ultimate foundation—Christ's cross. True fellowship can only form under the cross, because only there do we recognize our need and God's grace. Community's strength lies not in human perfection but in Christ's redemption.
“The cross is the differential in the Christian religion—the power by which the Christian community is sustained. 十字架是基督教的特色——维持基督徒共同体的力量。”
“It is not the love of men that makes Christian community possible, but the love of God that creates it and sustains it. 使基督徒共同体成为可能的不是人的爱，而是神的爱创造并维持它。”