炮火下的地狱
Hell Under Fire
克里斯托弗·摩根、罗伯特·彼得森 / Christopher Morgan & Robert Peterson
简介 Summary
摩根和彼得森主编的地狱教义辩护文集，汇集了多位福音派学者对传统地狱观的系统论证。面对普救论、条件永朽论等现代挑战，各位作者从圣经释经、系统神学、伦理学等不同角度，为永恒刑罚的教义提供强有力的辩护。全书既有学术深度，又有牧养关怀，帮助基督徒在这一困难教义上持守圣经立场。
A collection of essays edited by Morgan and Peterson defending the doctrine of hell, featuring systematic arguments from multiple evangelical scholars for traditional views of hell. Facing modern challenges from universalism and conditional immortality, the authors provide powerful defenses of eternal punishment doctrine from biblical exegesis, systematic theology, and ethical perspectives. The work combines academic depth with pastoral concern, helping Christians maintain biblical positions on this difficult doctrine.
📑 章节 Chapters
Ch.1: Introduction—Why Hell Has Become Controversial
编者摩根和彼得森概述当代对地狱教义挑战的背景。现代人文主义思想、心理学影响、以及对神爱的片面理解导致许多人质疑传统地狱观。然而圣经清楚教导永恒刑罚的现实，教会必须忠实地传讲这一困难但重要的真理。
Editors Morgan and Peterson outline the background of contemporary challenges to the doctrine of hell. Modern humanistic thought, psychological influences, and one-sided understanding of God's love have led many to question traditional views of hell. However, Scripture clearly teaches the reality of eternal punishment, and the church must faithfully proclaim this difficult but important truth.
“In an age that has virtually discarded the concept of divine wrath, the doctrine of hell appears not just difficult but impossible. 在一个几乎摒弃了神圣愤怒概念的时代，地狱的教义不仅显得困难，而且似乎不可能。”
“The church's task is not to make the gospel palatable to modern sensibilities, but to faithfully proclaim biblical truth. 教会的任务不是让福音迎合现代人的感受，而是忠实地宣讲圣经真理。”
Ch.2: The Biblical Foundation for Hell
系统分析新旧约关于地狱的教导。从旧约的阴间概念到耶稣关于地狱的明确教训，再到使徒书信中的相关经文，圣经一贯见证永恒刑罚的现实。作者特别强调耶稣本人关于地狱的教导比任何其他主题都更多更清楚。
Systematically analyzes Old and New Testament teachings about hell. From Old Testament concepts of Sheol to Jesus' explicit teachings about hell, to relevant passages in apostolic letters, Scripture consistently witnesses to the reality of eternal punishment. The author particularly emphasizes that Jesus himself taught more clearly and frequently about hell than any other topic.
“Jesus spoke more about hell than about heaven, and his words leave no room for doubt about its reality. 耶稣谈论地狱比天堂更多，他的话语对其现实性不留任何怀疑的余地。”
“The biblical doctrine of hell is not peripheral but central to the gospel message of salvation. 圣经的地狱教义不是边缘的，而是救恩福音信息的中心。”
Ch.3: Divine Justice and Hell
探讨永恒刑罚与神的公义之间的关系。罪的严重性不在于犯罪的时间长短，而在于所得罪的对象——无限圣洁的神。永恒刑罚反映了罪的无限严重性和神圣洁的无限价值。地狱不是神的残忍，而是神公义的必然结果。
Explores the relationship between eternal punishment and God's justice. Sin's seriousness lies not in the duration of offense but in the One offended—infinitely holy God. Eternal punishment reflects sin's infinite seriousness and the infinite value of God's holiness. Hell is not God's cruelty but the necessary result of divine justice.
“The punishment must fit not just the crime but the dignity of the One against whom the crime is committed. 刑罚不仅必须与犯罪相配，更要与被得罪者的尊严相配。”
“Hell vindicates God's holiness and demonstrates that sin cannot ultimately triumph over righteousness. 地狱彰显了神的圣洁，证明罪不能最终战胜公义。”
Ch.4: Refuting Universalism
系统批评普救论的圣经和神学根据。虽然神不愿意任何人沉沦，但这不意味着所有人最终都会得救。人的自由意志和神的尊重使拒绝救恩成为可能。普救论忽视了人类罪性的深度和救恩决定的终极性。
Systematically critiques universalism's biblical and theological foundations. While God desires none to perish, this does not mean all will ultimately be saved. Human free will and God's respect for it makes rejection of salvation possible. Universalism ignores the depth of human sinfulness and the finality of salvation decisions.
“God's desire that all be saved does not guarantee that all will accept his offer of salvation. 神希望所有人得救并不保证所有人都会接受他的救恩。”
“Love that overrides freedom is not love but coercion. 凌驾于自由之上的爱不是爱，而是强制。”
Ch.5: Refuting Conditional Immortality
分析并反驳条件永朽论（湮没论）的观点。条件永朽论认为恶人将被完全毁灭而非永恒受苦，但这种观点缺乏充分的圣经支持。圣经关于永恒刑罚的语言表明意识的持续存在而非湮没。
Analyzes and refutes the view of conditional immortality (annihilationism). Conditional immortality argues the wicked will be completely destroyed rather than eternally tormented, but this view lacks adequate biblical support. Scripture's language about eternal punishment indicates continued consciousness rather than annihilation.
“The biblical language of eternal punishment implies conscious existence, not mere cessation of being. 圣经关于永恒刑罚的语言暗示意识的存在，而不仅仅是存在的停止。”
“Annihilation would be the ultimate triumph of evil over good, darkness over light. 湮没将是邪恶对良善、黑暗对光明的最终胜利。”
Ch.6: Hell and the Love of God
解决地狱教义与神之爱的表面冲突。真正的爱包含公义，不能容忍罪恶。地狱不与神的爱相冲突，而是神爱的另一面表现——对那些坚持拒绝他爱的人的最终尊重。十字架显明神的爱愿意承受地狱以拯救罪人。
Addresses the apparent conflict between hell's doctrine and God's love. True love includes justice and cannot tolerate evil. Hell does not conflict with God's love but represents another aspect of it—ultimate respect for those who persistently reject his love. The cross reveals God's love willing to endure hell to save sinners.
“God's love is not sentimentality but includes his commitment to justice and righteousness. 神的爱不是感情用事，而是包含对公义和公正的承诺。”
“Hell is where God's love goes when it is finally and utterly rejected. 地狱是神的爱在被最终彻底拒绝时去的地方。”
Ch.7: Pastoral Applications of Hell's Doctrine
讨论如何在牧养实践中正确教导地狱真理。地狱的现实应当激发传福音的紧迫感，但不应成为操纵恐惧的工具。牧师需要平衡地讲论审判与恩典，帮助信徒理解地狱真理如何增强对救恩的感激和传福音的动力。
Discusses how to properly teach hell's truth in pastoral practice. Hell's reality should motivate evangelistic urgency but not become a tool for fear manipulation. Pastors need to balance preaching judgment and grace, helping believers understand how hell's truth enhances gratitude for salvation and evangelistic motivation.
“The doctrine of hell should drive us to our knees in intercession and out to the highways in evangelism. 地狱的教义应该驱使我们跪下代祷，走向大路传福音。”
“Hell makes heaven sweeter and the cross more precious. 地狱使天堂更甜美，十字架更宝贵。”
Ch.8: Responding to Difficult Questions
回应关于地狱教义的常见困难问题：婴儿的命运、未听闻福音者的状况、刑罚程度的差别等。虽然圣经没有回答所有问题，但我们可以确信神是公义慈爱的，他的审判是完全公正的。
Addresses common difficult questions about hell's doctrine: the fate of infants, the condition of those who haven't heard the gospel, degrees of punishment, etc. While Scripture doesn't answer every question, we can be certain God is just and loving, and his judgment is perfectly fair.
“We must distinguish between what Scripture clearly teaches and what it leaves to divine mystery. 我们必须区分圣经明确教导的和它留给神圣奥秘的。”
“God's character guarantees that whatever he does will be perfectly just and right. 神的品格保证他所做的一切都是完全公正和正确的。”