穆罕默德 vs 耶稣：先知的对比

核心论证 Core Argument

在伊斯兰传统中，穆罕默德被尊为"封印先知"（Khatam an-Nabiyyin），是安拉最终的使者；而耶稣（尔撒）虽被承认为先知，却被否认其神性与十架受死。然而，当我们诚实地比较两位的生平与教导时，会发现极为深刻的差异。正如学者James White在《What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Quran》中所指出的，穆罕默德自称仅是传达启示的人类信使，而耶稣在福音书中明确宣告"我与父原为一"（约翰福音10:30），接受敬拜，并赦免人的罪——这些都是唯有神才有的权柄。 在道德榜样方面，两者的对比同样引人深思。穆罕默德的生平记载（圣训集）显示他既是宗教领袖也是军事统帅，曾领导多次战役并建立政治帝国。耶稣则走了一条截然不同的道路：他拒绝世俗权力的诱惑（马太福音4:8-10），甘愿为敌人受死，并教导门徒"要爱你们的仇敌"（马太福音5:44）。如Nabeel Qureshi在其自传《Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus》中所见证的，正是耶稣这种牺牲性的爱最终引导他从伊斯兰归向基督。 更关键的是救赎论的差异。伊斯兰教导人通过善功和顺服来赢得安拉的恩悦，救恩从不确定；而基督信仰宣告，因着耶稣在十字架上代赎的死与复活，罪人可以白白领受恩典。正如使徒保罗所言："你们得救是本乎恩，也因着信；这并不是出于自己，乃是神所赐的"（以弗所书2:8）。耶稣不仅仅是一位先知——他是道成肉身的神，是人类唯一的救主。这不是贬低穆罕默德，而是诚实面对两种信仰体系本质上无法调和的核心差异。

In Islamic tradition, Muhammad is revered as the 'Seal of the Prophets' (Khatam an-Nabiyyin), Allah's final messenger, while Jesus (Isa) is acknowledged as a prophet but denied divinity and crucifixion. Yet an honest comparison of their lives and teachings reveals profound differences. As scholar James White notes in 'What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Quran,' Muhammad claimed to be merely a human messenger delivering revelation, whereas Jesus in the Gospels explicitly declared 'I and the Father are one' (John 10:30), accepted worship, and forgave sins—prerogatives belonging to God alone. Regarding moral example, the contrast is equally striking. Muhammad's biographical records (Hadith collections) portray him as both a religious leader and military commander who led multiple campaigns and established a political empire. Jesus walked a radically different path: he rejected the temptation of worldly power (Matthew 4:8-10), willingly died for his enemies, and taught his disciples to 'love your enemies' (Matthew 5:44). As Nabeel Qureshi testified in his autobiography 'Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus,' it was precisely this sacrificial love of Jesus that ultimately led him from Islam to Christ. More critically, the soteriological difference is fundamental. Islam teaches that one earns Allah's favor through good works and submission, with salvation never certain; Christianity proclaims that through Jesus' substitutionary death and resurrection, sinners can freely receive grace. As the Apostle Paul wrote: 'For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God' (Ephesians 2:8). Jesus is not merely a prophet—he is God incarnate, humanity's only Savior. This is not to denigrate Muhammad, but to honestly face the irreconcilable core differences between these two faith systems.