圣经与古兰经中的耶稣：对比

核心论证 Core Argument

古兰经和新约对耶稣的描绘存在根本性的不可调和的矛盾。新约教导耶稣是上帝的儿子、是上帝道成肉身（约翰福音1:1, 14）、死在十字架上为人赎罪（哥林多前书15:3）、从死里复活了（哥林多前书15:4-8）。古兰经则说耶稣只是一个人类先知、否认他的神性（5:72, 116）、否认十字架（4:157）。 这些不是可以调和的"不同视角"——它们是相互排斥的事实主张。耶稣要么是上帝，要么不是；要么死在十字架上，要么没有。逻辑排中律要求至少有一方是错的。 在证据方面，新约的记载由与耶稣同时代的人或其直接跟随者写成（公元50-90年代），距事件仅20-60年。古兰经是一个人（穆罕默德）在600年后的记述，没有引用任何目击者来源。历史研究的基本原则是：较早的、多重独立的来源比较晚的、单一来源更可靠。 新约不仅有内部多重见证（四福音书、保罗书信、其他使徒书信），还有外部来源的确认（塔西佗、约瑟夫斯、小普林尼、犹太法典等）。古兰经关于耶稣的记述则没有任何独立的历史确认。

The Quran and New Testament present fundamentally irreconcilable portraits of Jesus. The NT teaches Jesus is the Son of God, God incarnate (John 1:1, 14), died on the cross for sins (1 Corinthians 15:3), and rose from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:4-8). The Quran says Jesus was merely a human prophet, denies his deity (5:72, 116), and denies the crucifixion (4:157). These aren't reconcilable 'different perspectives' — they're mutually exclusive factual claims. Jesus either is God or isn't; either died on the cross or didn't. The law of excluded middle requires at least one side to be wrong. Regarding evidence, the NT was written by Jesus' contemporaries or their immediate followers (AD 50s-90s), only 20-60 years from events. The Quran is one person's (Muhammad's) account 600 years later, citing no eyewitness sources. A basic principle of historical research: earlier, multiply-attested independent sources are more reliable than later, single sources. The NT has both multiple internal witnesses (four Gospels, Paul's letters, other apostolic letters) and external source confirmation (Tacitus, Josephus, Pliny the Younger, the Talmud, etc.). The Quran's account of Jesus has no independent historical confirmation.