耶稣的神性：回应伊斯兰对三位一体的误解
The Deity of Christ: Answering Islamic Misunderstandings of the Trinity
核心论证 Core Argument
伊斯兰教认为三位一体是多神论，但这源于对基督教教义的根本误解。古兰经（5:116）暗示三位一体是"真主、耶稣和马利亚"，这从未是基督教的教导。正统基督教信仰的三位一体是：一位上帝，三个位格——圣父、圣子、圣灵——本质相同，位格有别。这不是三个神，而是一位上帝在三个位格中永恒地存在。 耶稣的神性有坚实的历史和圣经根据。在约翰福音8:58，耶稣宣称"还没有亚伯拉罕，我就是（I AM）"，直接引用出埃及记3:14上帝的自称。犹太领袖准确理解了这一宣称的含义——他们拿石头要打他，因为这是"僭妄"的话（约翰福音10:33）。托马斯在耶稣复活后宣告："我的主！我的上帝！"（约翰福音20:28），耶稣坦然接受了这一敬拜。 拉里·赫塔多（Larry Hurtado）在《主耶稣基督》中考证，对耶稣的敬拜在基督教运动最初二十年内就已出现，这在严格一神论的犹太背景下是惊人的。理查德·鲍克汉（Richard Bauckham）在《耶稣与以色列的上帝》中论证，早期基督徒将耶稣纳入上帝的独一身份中，而非视为次等神灵。腓立比书2:6-11的基督颂歌——公认为极早期的信仰告白——宣告耶稣"本有上帝的形像"，且配得"万膝跪拜"的敬拜，这在旧约中专属耶和华（以赛亚书45:23）。歌罗西书1:16-17更宣告万有都是靠基督造的，又是为他造的——这是只属于创造者上帝的属性。
Islam considers the Trinity polytheistic, but this stems from a fundamental misunderstanding of Christian doctrine. The Quran (5:116) implies the Trinity consists of 'God, Jesus, and Mary' — this was never Christian teaching. Orthodox Christian faith confesses one God in three persons — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — same essence, distinct persons. This is not three gods but one God eternally existing in three persons. Jesus's divinity rests on solid historical and biblical foundations. In John 8:58, Jesus declared 'Before Abraham was, I AM,' directly invoking God's self-designation from Exodus 3:14. The Jewish leaders understood precisely — they took up stones to kill him for 'blasphemy' (John 10:33). Thomas declared to the risen Jesus: 'My Lord and my God!' (John 20:28), and Jesus accepted this worship. Larry Hurtado in 'Lord Jesus Christ' demonstrates that worship of Jesus emerged within the first twenty years of the Christian movement — astonishing within strict Jewish monotheism. Richard Bauckham in 'Jesus and the God of Israel' argues early Christians included Jesus within God's unique identity rather than treating him as a lesser deity. The Christ hymn in Philippians 2:6-11 — recognized as a very early creed — declares Jesus existed 'in the form of God' and deserves worship where 'every knee should bow,' language reserved for YHWH alone in Isaiah 45:23. Colossians 1:16-17 further declares all things were created through and for Christ — an attribute belonging only to the Creator God.