三选一论证：疯子、骗子还是主

核心论证 Core Argument

C.S.路易斯在《返朴归真》中提出了著名的三难论证：面对耶稣关于自己身份的声明，我们只有三种可能的解释——他要么是疯子（lunatic），要么是骗子（liar），要么真的是主（Lord）。路易斯指出："我要阻止任何人说出这种真正愚蠢的话：'我准备接受耶稣是一位伟大的道德教师，但我不接受他关于自己是神的声明。'" 让我们首先考虑"疯子"的可能性。精神病学专家对耶稣的心理状态进行了广泛研究。精神病学家保罗·迈尔（Paul L. Meier）分析了福音书中耶稣的行为模式，发现没有任何精神疾病的症状。耶稣显示出极强的情感控制力、逻辑思维能力和现实感知力。他的教导显示出深刻的洞察力和道德智慧，与妄想症患者的行为模式完全不符。心理学家加里·柯林斯（Gary Collins）指出："如果耶稣是精神病患者，他的症状将会渗透到他生活的各个方面，但我们在福音书中看到的恰恰相反。" 其次，考虑"骗子"的可能性。如果耶稣明知自己不是神却故意欺骗人，这将与他道德教导的内容形成不可调和的矛盾。他教导诚实、谦卑、自我牺牲，但如果他关于自己身份的声明是虚假的，那他就是历史上最大的伪君子。更重要的是，他最终为这些声明付出了生命的代价。历史上很少有骗子愿意为已知的谎言而死，特别是当他们可以通过简单的否认来挽救生命时。 新约学者本·威瑟林顿三世（Ben Witherington III）强调，我们还需要考虑第四种选择——"传说"（Legend）。然而，这种解释面临着时间上的困难。神话传说的形成通常需要几代人的时间，但基督教的核心信念在耶稣死后几年内就已经完全形成。考古学家威廉·拉姆齐（William Ramsay）通过对早期基督教文献的研究发现，关于耶稣神性的声明可以追溯到他死后的几个月内，这个时间框架不足以支持传说理论。 因此，当我们排除了其他可能性后，最合理的结论就是耶稣确实是他所声称的那位——神的儿子，世界的救主。正如剑桥大学的约翰·斯托特（John Stott）所说："证据指向一个结论：耶稣是独一无二的。"

C.S. Lewis presented the famous trilemma in 'Mere Christianity': Faced with Jesus' claims about his identity, we have only three possible explanations—he was either a lunatic, a liar, or truly Lord. Lewis stated: "I am trying here to prevent anyone saying the really foolish thing that people often say about Him: 'I'm ready to accept Jesus as a great moral teacher, but I don't accept his claim to be God.'" Let's first consider the 'lunatic' possibility. Psychiatrists have extensively studied Jesus' psychological state. Psychiatrist Paul L. Meier analyzed Jesus' behavioral patterns in the Gospels and found no symptoms of mental illness. Jesus demonstrated remarkable emotional control, logical thinking ability, and reality perception. His teachings show profound insight and moral wisdom, completely inconsistent with delusional disorder patterns. Psychologist Gary Collins notes: "If Jesus were mentally ill, his symptoms would permeate every aspect of his life, but what we see in the Gospels is exactly the opposite." Second, consider the 'liar' possibility. If Jesus knowingly deceived people about not being God, this would create an irreconcilable contradiction with his moral teachings. He taught honesty, humility, and self-sacrifice, but if his claims about his identity were false, he would be history's greatest hypocrite. More importantly, he ultimately paid with his life for these claims. Few deceivers in history have been willing to die for known lies, especially when they could save their lives through simple denial. New Testament scholar Ben Witherington III emphasizes that we must also consider a fourth option—'Legend.' However, this explanation faces temporal difficulties. Myth formation typically requires several generations, but Christianity's core beliefs were fully formed within years of Jesus' death. Archaeologist William Ramsay, through his study of early Christian literature, discovered that claims about Jesus' divinity can be traced to within months of his death—a timeframe insufficient to support the legend theory. Therefore, when we eliminate other possibilities, the most reasonable conclusion is that Jesus was indeed who he claimed to be—the Son of God, the Savior of the world. As Cambridge's John Stott said: "The evidence points to one conclusion: Jesus is unique."