显明圣灵
Showing the Spirit
卡森 / D.A. Carson
简介 Summary
卡森对哥林多前书12-14章的经典释经著作，专门处理圣灵恩赐特别是方言问题。面对灵恩运动带来的争议，卡森以严谨的释经学方法，逐节分析了保罗关于属灵恩赐的教导。作者既不全盘否定灵恩经验，也不无批判地接受一切超自然现象，而是回归圣经文本，寻求平衡而忠实的理解。这本书为当代教会处理灵恩议题提供了重要的圣经神学指导。
Carson's classic exegetical work on 1 Corinthians 12-14, specifically addressing spiritual gifts, particularly tongues. Facing controversies brought by the charismatic movement, Carson employs rigorous hermeneutical methods to analyze verse by verse Paul's teaching on spiritual gifts. The author neither wholesale rejects charismatic experiences nor uncritically accepts all supernatural phenomena, but returns to biblical text seeking balanced and faithful understanding. This book provides important biblical theological guidance for contemporary churches handling charismatic issues.
📑 章节 Chapters
Ch.1: The Charismatic Chaos in Corinth
卡森首先分析哥林多教会的历史背景和属灵恩赐使用中的问题。哥林多教会虽然在恩赐上丰富，但在实践中却产生了骄傲、分裂和混乱。保罗写作哥林多前书12-14章正是为了纠正这些偏差，为属灵恩赐的正确使用提供指导。
Carson first analyzes the historical background of the Corinthian church and problems in their use of spiritual gifts. Though rich in gifts, the Corinthian church generated pride, division, and chaos in practice. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians 12-14 precisely to correct these deviations and provide guidance for proper use of spiritual gifts.
“Now about spiritual gifts, brothers and sisters, I do not want you to be uninformed. 弟兄们，论到属灵的恩赐，我不愿意你们不明白。”
“Paul's correction of Corinthian excess provides a model for addressing contemporary charismatic controversies with biblical balance. 保罗对哥林多人过度行为的纠正为以圣经平衡处理当代灵恩争议提供了模式。”
Ch.2: The Nature and Purpose of Spiritual Gifts
深入解析什么是属灵恩赐及其赐予的目的。卡森强调恩赐是圣灵主权分配的，目的是为了全体信徒的益处，而非个人的荣耀。他分析了各种恩赐的分类和功能，强调恩赐的多样性反映了基督身体的丰富性。
Thoroughly analyzes what spiritual gifts are and their purpose. Carson emphasizes gifts are sovereignly distributed by the Holy Spirit for the benefit of all believers, not individual glory. He analyzes various gift classifications and functions, emphasizing that gift diversity reflects the richness of Christ's body.
“There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit distributes them. 恩赐原有分别，圣灵却是一位。”
“Spiritual gifts are not toys for the immature to play with, but tools for the mature to build up the body of Christ. 属灵恩赐不是给不成熟的人玩耍的玩具，而是给成熟的人建立基督身体的工具。”
Ch.3: The Body Metaphor and Gift Unity
分析保罗的身体比喻如何强调属灵恩赐的合一性和互补性。每个信徒都是基督身体不可缺少的一部分，都有独特的功能和价值。卡森展示了这个比喻如何对抗哥林多教会中的骄傲和自卑心理，促进教会的健康合一。
Analyzes how Paul's body metaphor emphasizes unity and complementarity of spiritual gifts. Every believer is an indispensable part of Christ's body with unique function and value. Carson shows how this metaphor combats pride and inferiority in the Corinthian church, promoting healthy church unity.
“Just as a body, though one, has many parts, but all its many parts form one body, so it is with Christ. 就如身子是一个，却有许多肢体；而且肢体虽多，仍是一个身子；基督也是这样。”
“The body metaphor teaches that diversity in gifts should lead to unity in purpose, not division in practice. 身体的比喻教导我们恩赐的多样性应该导致目的的合一，而不是实践中的分裂。”
Ch.4: The Way of Love—The Most Excellent Way
深度解析著名的哥林多前书13章"爱的颂歌"在恩赐讨论中的核心地位。卡森论证爱不是另一种恩赐，而是使用一切恩赐的正确方式。没有爱的恩赐使用不仅无益，反而有害。这章为如何在爱中运用恩赐提供了标准。
Thoroughly analyzes the famous "love chapter" (1 Corinthians 13) and its central position in gift discussions. Carson argues love is not another gift but the proper way to use all gifts. Gift use without love is not only useless but harmful. This chapter provides standards for exercising gifts in love.
“If I speak in the tongues of men or of angels, but do not have love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal. 我若能说万人的方言，并天使的话语，却没有爱，我就成了鸣的锣，响的钹一般。”
“Love is not the greatest spiritual gift; it is the indispensable context in which all gifts must be exercised. 爱不是最大的属灵恩赐；它是所有恩赐必须运用其中的不可缺少的语境。”
Ch.5: The Nature and Function of Tongues
详细分析方言恩赐在新约中的表现和意义。卡森比较了使徒行传中的方言现象与哥林多前书中的方言讨论，探讨方言是否指外国语言或天使语言。他平衡地处理了方言恩赐的价值与限制，为当代教会理解这一有争议的恩赐提供了指导。
Thoroughly analyzes the manifestation and meaning of tongues in the New Testament. Carson compares tongues phenomena in Acts with tongues discussion in 1 Corinthians, exploring whether tongues refers to foreign languages or angelic languages. He addresses both value and limitations of tongues gifts with balance, providing guidance for contemporary churches understanding this controversial gift.
“For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to people but to God. Indeed, no one understands them; they utter mysteries by the Spirit. 那说方言的，原不是对人说，乃是对神说，因为没有人听出来。然而，他在心灵里却是讲说各样的奥秘。”
“Tongues serve as a sign not for believers but for unbelievers, while prophecy serves believers, not unbelievers. 这样看来，说方言不是为信的人作证据，乃是为不信的人；作先知讲道不是为不信的人作证据，乃是为信的人。”
Ch.6: Prophecy and Biblical Authority
探讨新约时代的预言恩赐与旧约先知职分的区别。卡森论证新约的预言不等同于圣经启示的权威，而是需要经过辨别和测试的。他讨论了预言恩赐在正典完成后是否继续存在，以及如何在今天正确理解和实践预言恩赐。
Explores differences between New Testament prophecy gifts and Old Testament prophetic office. Carson argues New Testament prophecy doesn't equal biblical revelation's authority but requires discernment and testing. He discusses whether prophecy gifts continue after canon completion and how to correctly understand and practice prophecy today.
“Two or three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said. 至于作先知讲道的，只好两个人或是三个人，其余的就当慎思明辨。”
“New Testament prophecy operates under different constraints than Old Testament prophecy, requiring ongoing congregational discernment rather than unquestioning acceptance. 新约预言在不同于旧约预言的约束下运作，需要持续的会众分辨而不是毫无疑问的接受。”
Ch.7: Order and Freedom in Worship
分析保罗关于敬拜秩序的教导。真正的属灵自由不是无序的混乱，而是在神的旨意中的有序表达。卡森讨论了聚会中恩赐使用的原则：造就性、理解性、秩序性。他为现代教会处理敬拜中的恩赐表达提供了圣经框架。
Analyzes Paul's teaching on worship order. True spiritual freedom is not disorderly chaos but orderly expression within God's will. Carson discusses principles for gift use in gatherings: edification, understanding, order. He provides biblical framework for modern churches handling gift expression in worship.
“But everything should be done in a fitting and orderly way. 凡事都要规规矩矩地按着次序行。”
“God is not a God of disorder but of peace—as in all the congregations of the Lord's people. 因为神不是叫人混乱，乃是叫人安静的，在圣徒的众教会里也是这样。”
Ch.8: Contemporary Practice of Gifts
为当代教会如何平衡地理解和实践属灵恩赐提供指导。卡森警告既不要因恐惧而完全拒绝恩赐，也不要因热心而失去分辨。他呼吁教会回到圣经文本，在爱中追求恩赐，为了全体的益处而运用恩赐，始终以荣耀神为目标。
Provides guidance for contemporary churches on balanced understanding and practice of spiritual gifts. Carson warns against both completely rejecting gifts from fear and losing discernment from enthusiasm. He calls churches to return to Scripture, pursue gifts in love, use gifts for everyone's benefit, always aiming to glorify God.
“Be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues. 所以我弟兄们，你们要切慕作先知讲道，也不要禁止说方言。”
“The goal of spiritual gifts is not personal satisfaction or spiritual prestige, but the building up of the church for God's glory. 属灵恩赐的目标不是个人满足或属灵威望，而是为了神的荣耀建立教会。”