主啊，要到几时？
How Long, O Lord?
D.A.卡森 / D.A. Carson
简介 Summary
卡森对苦难问题的圣经神学探讨。"主啊，要到几时？"这一诗篇式的呐喊道出了信徒面对痛苦时的困惑和挣扎。卡森不是从抽象的哲学角度，而是从圣经启示的角度来处理这一古老难题。作者通过对旧约智慧文学和新约教导的深入分析，展示了圣经如何诚实面对苦难的现实，同时指向上帝在基督里的终极答案，为受苦中的基督徒提供了真实的安慰和盼望。
Carson's biblical theological exploration of the problem of suffering. The psalmic cry "How Long, O Lord?" expresses believers' confusion and struggle when facing pain. Carson addresses this ancient dilemma not from abstract philosophical angles but from biblical revelation's perspective. Through deep analysis of Old Testament wisdom literature and New Testament teachings, the author demonstrates how Scripture honestly faces suffering's reality while pointing to God's ultimate answer in Christ, providing genuine comfort and hope for suffering Christians.
📑 章节 Chapters
Ch.1: The Persistent Challenge of Suffering
卡森开篇即面对人类最古老的神学难题：如果神是全能全善的，为什么容许恶和苦难存在？作者承认这个问题的复杂性，同时指出圣经并不回避这一现实。从约伯的呐喊到诗篇的哀歌，圣经诚实地记录了信徒面对苦难时的困惑和挣扎。
Carson opens by facing humanity's oldest theological dilemma: if God is omnipotent and perfectly good, why does He permit evil and suffering? The author acknowledges this problem's complexity while noting Scripture doesn't avoid this reality. From Job's cry to psalmic laments, Scripture honestly records believers' confusion and struggle when facing suffering.
“The problem of suffering is not merely intellectual but intensely personal for anyone who has walked through the valley of pain. 苦难的问题对于任何走过痛苦幽谷的人来说，不仅仅是智力上的，更是极其个人化的。”
“Scripture does not offer us neat philosophical answers but invites us into honest dialogue with God about life's hardest questions. 圣经不向我们提供整洁的哲学答案，而是邀请我们就生活中最难的问题与神进行诚实的对话。”
Ch.2: Job's Theology of Suffering
深入解析约伯记对苦难问题的处理。约伯记揭示了苦难的复杂成因，既涉及撒但的攻击，也关乎神的许可。更重要的是，约伯记展示了在苦难中保持对神信心的可能性，即使不明白苦难的原因。约伯最终的回应不是得到了答案，而是遇见了神。
Thoroughly analyzes Job's handling of the suffering problem. Job reveals suffering's complex causes, involving both Satan's attacks and God's permission. More importantly, Job demonstrates the possibility of maintaining faith in God during suffering, even without understanding suffering's reasons. Job's final response was not getting answers but encountering God.
“I had heard of you by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees you. 我从前风闻有你，现在亲眼看见你。”
“Job's friends tried to solve the mystery of suffering with theology; God solved Job's need not with explanations but with His presence. 约伯的朋友试图用神学来解决苦难的奥秘；神不是用解释而是用他的同在来解决约伯的需要。”
Ch.3: The Lament Tradition in Psalms
探讨诗篇中丰富的哀歌传统如何为受苦的信徒提供表达和安慰。诗篇的哀歌显示了向神倾诉苦情的正当性，同时保持对神最终救赎的盼望。卡森强调，哀歌不是缺乏信心，而是信心在困境中的真实表达。
Explores how the rich lament tradition in Psalms provides expression and comfort for suffering believers. Psalmic laments show the legitimacy of pouring out grief to God while maintaining hope in God's ultimate redemption. Carson emphasizes that lament is not lack of faith but faith's authentic expression in distress.
“How long, O Lord? Will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me? 耶和华啊，你忘记我要到几时呢？要到永远吗？你掩面不顾我要到几时呢？”
“The laments teach us that honest expression of pain and confusion before God is not rebellion but faith seeking understanding. 哀歌教导我们，在神面前诚实地表达痛苦和困惑不是悖逆，而是信心寻求理解。”
Ch.4: Ecclesiastes' Realistic Wisdom
分析传道书如何以现实主义的态度面对人生的虚空和不公。传道书不否认生活中的困难和不合理，但指出在神的主权下，即使在虚空中也能找到意义。作者展示了传道书如何平衡悲观的观察与敬畏神的智慧。
Analyzes how Ecclesiastes faces life's vanity and injustice with realistic attitude. Ecclesiastes doesn't deny life's difficulties and unreasonableness but points out that under God's sovereignty, meaning can be found even in vanity. The author shows how Ecclesiastes balances pessimistic observations with wisdom that fears God.
“Vanity of vanities, says the Preacher, vanity of vanities! All is vanity. 传道者说：虚空的虚空，虚空的虚空，凡事都是虚空。”
“Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. 敬畏神，谨守他的诫命，这是人所当尽的本分。”
Ch.5: Jesus and the Mystery of Suffering
探讨耶稣如何处理苦难问题。从他对盲人、病人的医治，到他对拉撒路之死的回应，再到他自己在十字架上的受苦，耶稣既显明了神对苦难的关切，也为苦难的最终解决提供了道路。卡森特别关注耶稣在客西马尼园的挣扎。
Explores how Jesus handled the suffering problem. From His healing of the blind and sick, to His response to Lazarus' death, to His own suffering on the cross, Jesus both revealed God's concern for suffering and provided the way for suffering's ultimate resolution. Carson particularly focuses on Jesus' struggle in Gethsemane.
“Jesus wept. 耶稣哭了。”
“My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will. 我父啊，倘若可行，求你叫这杯离开我。然而，不要照我的意思，只要照你的意思。”
Ch.6: The Cross—God's Answer to Suffering
论证十字架如何成为神对苦难问题的终极回答。在十字架上，神没有置身事外地解释苦难，而是亲身进入苦难，承担了人类罪恶的后果。十字架显明神既是公义的（不忽视罪恶），也是慈爱的（亲自承担刑罚）。
Argues how the cross becomes God's ultimate answer to the suffering problem. On the cross, God didn't explain suffering from outside but personally entered suffering, bearing consequences of human sin. The cross reveals God is both just (not overlooking sin) and loving (personally bearing punishment).
“He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness. 他被挂在木头上，亲身担当了我们的罪，使我们既然在罪上死，就得以在义上活。”
“God's answer to suffering is not a philosophical argument but a historical event—the cross of Christ. 神对苦难的回答不是哲学论证，而是一个历史事件——基督的十字架。”
Ch.7: Resurrection and Ultimate Hope for Suffering
探讨复活如何为苦难提供终极答案。基督的复活预示着最终的救赎，当神擦去一切眼泪，死亡、悲哀、疼痛都要过去。卡森强调复活不是对苦难的解释，而是对苦难的逆转和胜利。这给受苦的信徒提供了真实的盼望。
Explores how resurrection provides ultimate answer for suffering. Christ's resurrection foreshadows final redemption, when God will wipe away all tears and death, sorrow, and pain will pass away. Carson emphasizes resurrection is not explanation for suffering but reversal and victory over suffering. This provides genuine hope for suffering believers.
“He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain. 神要擦去他们一切的眼泪，不再有死亡，也不再有悲哀、哭号、疼痛。”
“The resurrection is God's promise that suffering will not have the last word in human history. 复活是神的应许，苦难不会在人类历史中有最后的发言权。”
Ch.8: Pastoral Care in Suffering
为牧者和信徒提供在苦难中关怀他人的实用智慧。卡森强调陪伴比解释更重要，聆听比说教更有效。他警告不要给出简单的答案或虚假的安慰，而要学习与哀哭的人同哭，在苦难中体现基督的爱。
Provides practical wisdom for pastors and believers caring for others in suffering. Carson emphasizes presence is more important than explanations, listening more effective than preaching. He warns against giving simple answers or false comfort, but learning to weep with those who weep and embody Christ's love in suffering.
“Weep with those who weep. 与哭泣的人同哭。”
“Sometimes the most profound pastoral care is simply being present with someone in their pain, without trying to explain it away. 有时最深刻的牧养关怀就是简单地与某人在他们的痛苦中同在，而不试图解释它。”