排他性：凭什么只有一条路？

核心论证 Core Argument

耶稣说「我就是道路、真理、生命；若不藉着我，没有人能到父那里去」（约翰福音14:6）——这是基督教最具争议性的宣告之一。在多元文化的今天，这种排他性似乎既傲慢又不合时宜。但仔细思考，我们会发现：第一，所有严肃的真理主张本质上都是排他性的。说「2+2=4」就排除了所有其他答案。科学理论也是排他性的——爱因斯坦的相对论排除了牛顿绝对时空的假设。问题不在于排他性本身，而在于这一主张是否为真。 提摩太·凯勒在《为何是祂》（The Reason for God）中精辟地指出：说「所有宗教都是通往同一座山顶的不同道路」本身就是一个排他性的宣称——它排除了任何声称自己是唯一道路的宗教（包括正统基督教和伊斯兰教）。多元主义者以为自己站在中立立场，实际上是在宣称自己比所有宗教传统都更了解终极真理。莱斯利·纽比金（Lesslie Newbigin）在《多元社会中的福音》中论证，真正的宽容不是假装所有观点都同样正确，而是在坚持自己信念的同时尊重他人表达不同信念的权利。 更重要的是，基督教的排他性实际上蕴含着最彻底的包容性。救恩不基于你的种族、文化、智力、道德表现或社会地位，而仅仅基于上帝的恩典和人的信心。这是人类历史上最激进的平等主张——「并不分犹太人、希腊人、自主的、为奴的、或男或女，因为你们在基督耶稣里都成为一了」（加拉太书3:28）。基督教排他的不是人，而是人通过自己的功德获得救恩的可能性——它宣告恩典对所有人都是敞开的。

Jesus said 'I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me' (John 14:6)—one of Christianity's most controversial claims. In today's multicultural world, this exclusivity seems both arrogant and outdated. But careful reflection reveals: first, all serious truth claims are inherently exclusive. Saying '2+2=4' excludes all other answers. Scientific theories are exclusive too—Einstein's relativity excluded Newton's assumption of absolute spacetime. The question isn't exclusivity itself, but whether the claim is true. Timothy Keller brilliantly observes in The Reason for God: saying 'all religions are different paths up the same mountain' is itself an exclusive claim—it excludes any religion claiming to be the only way (including orthodox Christianity and Islam). Pluralists think they stand on neutral ground but are actually claiming to know ultimate truth better than all religious traditions. Lesslie Newbigin argues in The Gospel in a Pluralist Society that true tolerance isn't pretending all views are equally correct, but respecting others' right to express different beliefs while maintaining your own. More importantly, Christianity's exclusivity actually contains the most radical inclusivity. Salvation isn't based on your race, culture, intelligence, moral performance, or social status, but solely on God's grace and human faith. This is history's most radical equality claim—'There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus' (Galatians 3:28). Christianity excludes not people but the possibility of earning salvation through merit—it declares grace is open to all.